烟气CO2捕集热能梯级利用节能工艺耦合优化

醇胺法捕集CO₂技术是一种较成熟的CO₂捕集技术，具有吸收速度快、脱除效果好等显著优点，但其操作费用高、解吸能耗大。本文以降低醇胺法捕集烟气中CO₂系统再生能耗为出发点，对常规醇胺法捕集CO₂工艺统进行了节能优化研究。在常规工艺流程基础上引入压缩式热泵节能技术，并利用Aspen Plus软件建立了基于压缩式热泵技术的CO₂捕集工艺流程模型。研究了压缩式热泵与机械蒸汽压缩回收（MVR）热泵、分流解吸、分布式换热、级间冷却4种节能工艺耦合，通过模拟计算与优化，结果说明了最佳节能工艺组合为“解吸塔压缩式热泵+贫液MVR热泵+分流解吸+级间冷却”耦合的CO₂捕集工艺流程，当解吸塔顶气体分流比为0.25∶0.75、冷富液分流比为0.05∶0.95、级间冷却器位于吸收塔17块塔板位置、吸收塔输入冷量为-3.0GJ/h时，系统再生能耗最低，为2.533 GJ/tCO₂，相比常规有机胺工艺（再生能耗4.204GJ/tCO₂）节能率39.748%。     

Physicochemical structure characteristics and intrinsic reactivity of demineralized coal char rapidly pyrolyzed at elevated pressure

This study aims to investigate the effect of pyrolysis pressure on the physical and chemical structure characteristics and reactivity of subbituminous demineralized coal char. The pyrolysis experiments were studied under different pressures using a pressurized drop tube reactor (PDTR). Structural properties of coal chars were investigated by the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption analyzer, automatic mercury porosimeter, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The Random Pore Model was used to determine kinetic parameters and intrinsic reactivity of chars. The specific pore volume of chars pyrolyzed at 900–1000 °C increased first and then decreased with pyrolysis pressure increasing, and the maximum value of the specific pore volume of chars occurred at 1.0 MPa. The degree of graphitization of chars deepened with the increase of temperature or pressure. Intrinsic activation energy of char-O₂ was within the range of 126–134 kJ/mol. The intrinsic reactivity of char-O₂ reaction showed strong correlation the Raman parameters with the change of pyrolysis conditions, and it suggested that the intrinsic reactivity of char-O₂ reaction was mainly affected by aromatic ring structures rather than pore structures.     

基于多维约束的食品包装设计

通过分析与研究,提出食品包装的多维约束设计模型,阐明其区别于传统包装设计的优势。并从需求约束、目标约束、资源约束3个维度构建食品包装多维约束设计模型。通过研究用户需求、市场需求、甲方要求、资源限制等,得到相关约束条件下对应的不同设计映射域。从而明确食品包装设计中色彩、图形、规格、风格、文化等要素,最终完成设计。通过乾州挂面包装设计的实际案例验证了方法和模型的可行性。     

基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件的高压直流输电仿真教学研究

针对“高压直流输电”课程教学过程中,高压直流系统控制原理复杂抽象,直观上难以理解的特点,本文通过运用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件,基于CIGRE HVDC标准测试模型,对高压直流输电系统在整流侧和逆变侧交流系统分别发生故障时的运行特性进行仿真测试。教学实践表明,PSCAD/EMTDC软件的应用加强了学生对理论知识的理解,激发和培养了学生的学习兴趣和动手实践能力,有效地提升了教学效果。     

基于BOPPPS模型的数字电路实验教学设计

针对目前军队院校“数字电路”课程实验环节中存在的学员参与度不高、实验方式固化、灵活性不够等问题,提出将BOPPPS模型和Multisim软件引入到实验过程中。以“时序逻辑电路设计”一节内容为例,按照导入、目标、前测、参与式学习和后测、总结等六个环节进行“四人抢答器实验”的实验教学设计。实践结果表明,该方法能有效解决传统实验环节存在的问题,激发学员学习兴趣,取得了较好的教学效果。     

A benchmark data set for two-phase Coriolis metering

For more than a decade there has been growing interest in the use of Coriolis mass flow metering applied to two-phase (gas/liquid) and multiphase (oil/water/gas) conditions. It is well-established that the mass flow and density measurements generated from multiphase flows are subject to large errors, and a variety of physical models and correction techniques have been proposed to explain and/or to compensate for these errors. One difficulty is the absence of a common basis for comparing correction techniques, because different flowtube designs and configurations, as well as liquid and gas properties, may result in quite different error curves. Furthermore, some researchers with interests in the modelling aspects of the field may not have suitable multiphase laboratory facilities to generate their own data sets. This paper offers a small data set that may be used by researchers as a benchmark i.e. a common data set for comparing correction techniques. The data set was collected at the UK National Flow Laboratory TUV-NEL, using air and a viscous oil, and provides experimental points over a wide flow range (8:1 turndown) and with Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) values up to 60%. As a first investigation using the benchmark data set, we consider how data sparsity (i.e. the flow rate and GVF spacing in the experimental grid) affects the accuracy of a correction model. A range of neural network models are evaluated, based on different subsets of the benchmark data set. The data set and some exemplary code are provided with the paper. Additional data sets are available on a web site created to support this initiative.     

[可靠性建模及试验技术]重型机床液压元件油液污染退化量分布剖面可靠性建模

针对重型机床液压系统故障频繁且多与油液中的固态颗粒污染物相关的问题，进行了油液污染趋势变化试验。通过时域分析获得了油样颗粒数的有量纲和量纲一参数，通过Q-Q图和K-S检验分析有量纲参数，污染颗粒数是退化量服从正态分布的退化数据。进行了油液污染与环境相关性分析试验，采用相关系数法分析得到，颗粒数变化量与一定范围内的温度、流量、压力的相关性小；将液压元件分为管路、阀、过滤器三类，用直径5 μm左右的颗粒和直径大于15 μm的颗粒分别研究管路及阀件的堵塞和磨损情况，以过滤器过滤精度大小的颗粒研究过滤器的堵塞情况，设定ISO4406标准20/17级对应的颗粒数为阈值，利用退化量分布建立了液压元件单一故障模式的可靠性模型；利用竞争失效模型将上述模型融合为多故障模式下的可靠性模型。     

On the prediction of solubility of alkane in carbon dioxide using the LSSVM algorithm

The increasing global energy demand and declination of oil reservoir in recent years cause the researchers attention focus on the enhancement of oil recovery approaches. One of the extensive applicable methods for enhancement of oil recovery, which has great efficiency and environmental benefits, is carbon dioxide injection. The CO₂ injection has various effects on the reservoir fluid, which causes enhancement of recovery. One of these effects is extraction of lighter components of crude oil, which straightly depends on solubility of hydrocarbons in carbon dioxide. In order to better understand of this parameter, in this study, Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was developed as a novel predictive tool to estimate solubility of alkane in CO₂ as function of carbon number of alkane, carbon dioxide density, pressure, and temperature. The predicting model outputs were compared with the extracted experimental solubility from literature statistically and graphically. The comparison showed the great ability and high accuracy of developed model in prediction of solubility.     

柴达木盆地三湖坳陷横波勘探中的低幅异常消除技术

近年来,在柴达木盆地三湖坳陷开展了横波地震勘探,但是由于该区低幅度构造发育,横波静校正引起的"低幅"异常与上述低幅度构造相互混杂,难以区分。为此,针对该区横波表层调查难以控制表层横波速度模型的变化、横波近偏移距初至污染严重、横波折射层发育导致高速界面难以确定等问题,首先采用曲线拟合技术预测污染区横波初至时间确保初至完整性,然后采用面波模型与多层折射分层联合约束反演横波表层速度,最后通过基于速度谱分析的层位匹配建模技术确定合理的横波速度界面,形成了横波表层"低幅"异常消除技术,并进行了现场应用及效果评价。研究结果表明:①曲线拟合技术可以弥补近道污染区横波初至空白,保证层析反演模型的完整性;②基于瑞雷波的频散特性反演建模可以为确定该区浅层横波速度提供可靠的资料,提高浅层模型精度;③面波模型与多层折射分层联合约束反演能够更准确的反演该区表层横波速度场,较好地建立横波速度模型,消除横波剖面上"低幅"异常现象。结论认为,所形成的横波地震勘探低幅异常消除技术消除了横波静校正引起的"低幅"异常现象,提高了横波地震资料的成像品质。